创建属于我们自己的国土;推荐非暴力直接行动的终极形式——为自由而战(三)

(泡泡特约)

怎么办思考之三:反抗ACTA的成与败

互联网上的政治叙述依赖于煽情造势和媒体的时间尺度,这种时间尺度极其短暂,一则消息的出现与消失都在24小时内,然后就会被新的信息所取代。通过互联网,我们是在建造所谓的互联网时间。因为理论上互联网不会遗忘,于是可以日复一日、年复一年地建立卷宗,对其做研究分析(相关分析软件非常多),最终团结人们参与其中,来形成我们自己的政治叙事。

让当权者滚蛋。

国际无政府主义者曾经使用这种方法对付ACTA。Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement《反仿冒贸易协定》是一个国际知识产权协定,最初由美国版权行业搞出来的,实际上早已运用在相当多的双边贸易协议中,立法者企图创建一种新的国际制度,来规定什么样的出版合法,什么非法。它是阻止人们从事各种出版活动的机制。

在这个体系下,如果你给某人发一封信,要求他们从互联网上删除某些东西,他们就必须删除,虽然可以给他们几天时间提出抗议,但是,由于对互联网服务提供商而言,处理这种抗议太费钱了,于是他们会毫不犹豫地删除。然后让作者和上传者自己去维权。

中国人一直以为谷歌是绝对伟大的,百度是绝对垃圾的,这句话其实只对了后一半,谷歌一样逃不开ACTA。最典型、且被公开的信息比如山达基教(Scientology),他们已被证实曾经从谷歌的YouTube上删除了数以千计的视频。

ACTA一直被广泛批评为限制人权、隐私权与言论自由的协议,并且因此在欧洲多处掀起了抗议。欧盟签署后,负责研究这项协定的欧盟专员Kader Arif当即宣布辞职,并指出这项议案对公民权的限制不容忽视。幸亏中国没能加入ACTA,但对中国人来说,只是在某部分程度上的状况没有急剧恶化,但别忘了,中国政府正在加紧收买国际商业媒体,这是比删帖更严重的入侵——它能从根本上控制信息。

在民主辩论中,ACTA已经臭名昭著,公民赢得了语话权,但在幕后,秘密的双边协议其实已经建立起来,并达到了同等程度的目的,这直接颠覆了民主议程。比如新的联盟-印度自由贸易协定,其中很大一部分就是照搬的ACTA,这类状况非常多,当权者把受争议法案的标题拿掉了,把内容切割成了小块,让这些小块像蠕虫病毒一样渗透到各种事物中,渗透到国际制度中。

在公众眼里,你以为自己的公民权得到了发挥,以为民主胜利了,但这只是表面上的胜利,而事实上,情况一如既往。

由此可见,政策和立法改革并没有奏效,尽管你也不能把主动权交给对手,那样他们就会加速进程。所以要想保住民主,就要全球公民警惕起来,用各种方法进行检查,这样至少能延缓事态发展进度。

最基础的是,动员人们切实地参与到这些讨论中来,参与到改革中来,在他们还有权利这样做的时候。

也只有互联网公民能做到。增加做出错误决定的那些人的政治成本,只有把互联网掌握在公民自己手中,我们才能通过一个自由的互联网来促成这些集体行动。

怎么办思考之四:去他们的云计算吧

去中心化系统(decentralization)的基础建构的难度是个核心要点,尤其重要的是,这种基础架构必须掌握在人民手中,因为现在已经有集中化的云计算了。

集中化是所有互联网人的撒旦,Facebook是集中化的,twitter是集中化的,Google也是集中化的,中国那些玩意儿更是,它们都受制于掌握强制性权力的人。就如当年的电报门,美国《纽约时报》、英国《卫报》、德国《明镜周刊》、西班牙《国家报》以及法国《世界报》均迅速给予了报道,而亚马逊则立刻将维基解密的网站从它的服务器上删除了。

而且云计算还给公司提供了一种经济激励,把数据交给所谓的国际数据中心处理,是一种更便捷的处理方式,但这些数据中心都是美国企业运营的,这就意味着背后是政府牵头的被集中化,就像支付公司那样

向云计算转移数据的趋势相当令人担忧,太多的服务器被集中在同一区域,为了更便于标准化控制,也便于对支付系统进行标准化处理。这是一种更有竞争力的技术,主要因为集中起来更便宜。除了流媒体电影外,互联网上发的绝大多数通信都发生在服务器之间,所以你把服务器放得更近些就会更便宜。最终,就得到了这些通信服务器的巨型蜂巢。

这些巨型建筑正是国安局大规模拦截的搜集点。中央控制让权力滥用变得非常容易。

集中化是赢在经济竞争中了。而为此埋单的正是我们所有人的个人安全。

因此必须致力于打造我们自己的基础设施,如果我们想要反对这种监控状态,要推翻“老大哥”,这就是我们必须做的事——去他们的云计算还是什么其他垃圾吧,互联网公民应该拥有自己可以掌握的东西。

这也是急需向更多公众传播的信息。随时都会有当权者跑来干涉你寻求自由的努力,1999年 Napster 开始的P2P技术就曾被指“犯罪”。他们就是这样制造舆论攻击的。但如果你为自己建立起更好的文化,那么每个人都会使用Napster。

文化就意味着共享。

Napster在最初还是有点集中化的,但也正是它,为去中心化的理念埋下了种子。每个人都有了一个具体的实例来显示去中心化建构如何作用于知识共享。当我们在讨论绕开审查或揭穿政治叙事,以建立更好的民主体制和更好的生活时,我们就是在讨论知识共享。

这就是为什么人们要抵制ACTA。欧洲议会中一些人现在已经明白了,当人们分享东西时,不为牟利地分享重要文件时,他们不该被送去监狱,不该受到处罚。

这是全球海盗党十多年来不懈追求的自由。数以千计的群体行动被激发,朝着同一个方向,那些小到你看不见的个人行动,凝结起来了,这就是去中心化政治运动的见证。

有些人习惯等待先锋队的想法很糟糕。P2P运动明确反对政治先锋队,这种观念是,我们都是对等的,我们可以彼此分享,可以提供不同的服务或提供不同的功能。更重要的是对信息的核实,维基百科的思路很好,但很多内容不可靠,尤其是中文维基,存在为数不少的低级错误,就是核实不力造成的。

人人都能发言,但大多数人说的都是废话。就像活动家Lessig 曾经说的那样:“学生的作文99%都是废话,但尽管如此,还是必需教给他们如何写作”。互联网上的胡说八道一直都是大多数,但随着时间推移,你就可以运用这种能力在公共场合表达自己的意见,以自己的方式构建你的语话,越来越有效地参与到复杂的讨论中。

而如何应对大规模监控的问题,是一个巨大的工程,要想实现它,就需要将其切割为诸多小的部分,这样才能让更多人理解问题本身,才能邀请人们加入讨论。

你要知道,国家一直在对你做什么

国家是强制性权力在其中流动的系统,国家内的各个政治派系也许通过互相竞争来谋求支持,但这只是导致了一种民主的表象,而国家的基础是系统性地运用或规避暴力。土地所有权、租金、股息、税收、法院罚款、审查、版权和商标,这一切都是由国家的暴力威胁来强制执行的。而大多数时候,人们都不会觉得暴力离我们有多近,因为所有人都为了避免暴力而让渡了权利。

互联网世界从原子构成的旧世界中脱胎而出,渴望着独立。但是国家及其盟友行动起来,通过控制互联网的物质基础夺取了我们所有人对这个新世界的控制权。国家就像油井周围的一支军队、或者边界上的关税代理人,向人民索取贿赂,阻碍人们梦寐以求的独立。

他们通过控制光缆线路、绕地卫星和地面接收站,大规模拦截互联网公民的信息流——这个新世界的本质,他们渗入了新世界的经脉,吞噬着每一种表达和交流的关系,吞噬人们阅读的每一个网页、发送的每一条信息、搜索的每一个概念,每天拦截数十亿条信息,然后将这些做为权力加固器的数据,储存在一个巨大的机密仓库里。

再然后,国家会一次次地开采这些宝藏、这些搜集到的人类个体的智力创造,利用前所未有的复杂搜索和模式发现算法,充实这些宝藏,将拦截者和被拦截的世界之间的不平衡,继续扩大。

最后,国家会将他们从中所学到的运用到现实世界,去发动战争,发动无人机攻击,操纵贸易和联合国委员会,去为产业界、局内人和朋党亲信的巨大关系网牟利。

我们可以用来抵御的武器

这是我们可以抵御全面统治的一个希望,一个结合勇气、洞见和团结的希望,它就是加密技术——我们可以摆脱无处不在的入侵,从中创造一个新的国度,将那些物质现实的控制者隔离在外,他们一直在煞费苦心地追踪我们所有人。

密码术是非暴力直接行动的终极形式。

拥有核武器的国家可以对数百万人施加无限暴力,然而强大的密码术意味着一个国家——即便是能够施加无限暴力的国家——也无法打破个人保守秘密的意志。

如果我们不这么做,互联网的普世性将让全球人类逐渐消失在一个大规模监控的天罗地网中。

为自由而战

我们追求的是自由阅读和自由发言的权利,是互联网应当赋予我们的权利,被政府和服务商抢走的东西,现在要把它拿回来,要惠及每一个人。同样也需要匿名发言的权利,让人们可以不受到第三方干扰地进行支付,能够享受自由的旅行,能够在系统中纠正关于自己的信息。我们需要看到各种机构的系统都变成透明的和可问责。

未来世界最积极的方向就是自我认知、多样性和自决的网络,受过高等教育的全球人口是自由交流的产物,同时也刺激了新文化的成长,以及个人思想最大程度的多样化,同时能促进快速的联合,以及超越地理限制的价值交换,就像阿拉伯之春和泛阿拉伯运动中所展现的那样,那些运动就是通过互联网才成为可能的。

当下的趋势却是,这个世界正在滑向一种狭隘的、同质化的后现代极权主义体系,所有人的自由都在受到威胁。

这种新型的跨国反乌托邦发展趋势尚未被大多数人所了解,它被隐藏在所谓机密、复杂性和更小的尺度里,互联网被当权者变成了前所未有的极权主义推进器,它已经开始威胁人类文明。

是时候奋起而战了。

吐口水没什么意义。需要鼓励更多的人积极地加入思考,把想法付诸实践,鼓励人们分享这些知识,教会人们如何用技术武装自己,用新技术去建立属于自己的去中心化加密基础设施,拥有自己的通信基础设施。向全社会推广。

我们需要自由的软件,就像民主制度需要法律—— Code is law——让每个人都能学习法律、运用法律、真正的理解法律,并确保法律如期执行。

政府和公司都在改变着互联网的基本结构,把它从一个普通的网络分割成像巴尔干地区那样的小型子网。但作为网络公民,我们讨论的是全球性事务,不论是金融系统的扭曲、腐败、还是地缘政治和能源环境问题,都是今天的人类所共同面临的问题,而人类手上就有这个全球性的工具,可以实现更好的通信、更好的知识共享、更好的政治和民主参与。

很有可能,全球互联的网络是我们应对这些问题的唯一工具,因此,争取一个自由的互联网才是所有战斗的核心,我们所有人都应当为此努力。

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