今年六四格外忙
文/Francine Stone
六四事件25周年即将到来,中国对待此的态度可以贴切地形容为“在沉默中继续”。
每年临近6月4日,中国人对政府的政策都并不陌生:网络减速、关键词屏蔽、公共场合的军事人员增多、敏感人物被拘捕。但今年的控制显得格外全面,或许是因为对异见人士的反应比往常激烈,亦或是今年将是六四25周年纪念。
微信是将是监控重点
当局已拘捕了许多律师、维权人士、和知识分子,以杀鸡儆猴。其中最受到媒体关注的是维权律师浦志强的拘捕,在1989年时,他曾协助组织了示威游行。今年在参加一个有关64纪念的私人讨论会之后仅3天,他便被逮捕了。共有15人参加了那场讨论会,其中5人已被逮捕。接着,在5月,记者高瑜和公民记者向南夫被捕、并在中央电视台上“认罪”,这与当年毛泽东的宣传策略相呼应。
越近6月4日,当局将越加大对言论自由的钳制。自由之家 “中国媒体布告栏”主编Yvonne Shen说,中国政府“在64期间,加大其审查力度”。自由之家预期,在一周之内,中国网络上的“可疑活动”将飚升。中国当局尤其关注当前流行的社交平台:微信。
六四期间采用战时协调机制
“此前,北京市政府的一份日期为2011年5月31日的文件被泄露,文件表示,当局在这‘敏感时期’已启动了‘战时协调机制’,要求各单位举报可疑信息。”Shen表示这是中国当局常用的策略。
中国禁止有关六四的公开讨论。1989年6月4日,北京天安门广场上,士兵向毫无武装的民主派示威者开火,造成至少数百人死亡,甚至数千人(至今政府未公布死亡人数)。除了逮捕之外,审查人员也加班加点,确保网络上有关六四事件的讨论被迅速删除。网站遭封锁,暗指该事件的词汇也被消失。
记者受监控
私人电邮和短信也受到严密监督。记者林慕莲(Louisa Lim)在即将出版的新书《失忆的人民共和国》中描述到:“我用一台从未联网的新电脑来写这本书。每天晚上,我都把电脑锁进公寓的保险箱中。我从未在电话或电邮中提及这本书,无论是在家中还是在办公室里。这两个场所都位于北京外交公寓区内,我想这里是被监听的。”
中国记者被警告“不要碰触六四这个话题”,驻北京记者埃里克·菲什(Eric Fish)说。他也注意到了近期的变化:“自从习近平上台以来,中国记者的总体空间更加收紧了。在这个纪念日即将到来之际,他们(当局)似乎比以往的控制更加严格。”
菲什说,拘捕是钳制言论自由的一部分。习近平在2012年上台之后,大家曾希望他能放松审查。但这个希望很快破碎了。此前中国禁止了一些无伤大雅的美国电视剧,可见中国网络审查的泛滥。
拒绝签证
外国记者通常有更多的空间,但菲什表示,外媒“近两年所受到的压力也增大”。此前几名驻华记者的签证被拒绝。
退休的加拿大教授梁思文(Steven Levine)也可能必须面对这个结局。“我担心下次我申请中国签证时,将会被拒签。这是中国政府惩罚批评中国人权的外国人的一种方式。”梁思文研究中国历史和政治,个人创立了“纪念六四25周年倡议”活动,关注六四运动以及政府镇压。
梁思文的该项目已被屏蔽在中国网络之外,去年11月上线后的几天内,该网站便被屏蔽了。梁思文却继续与中国国内的读者保持交流、以及流亡的六四运动积极分子。对他来说,被拒签是他愿意付出的代价。但那些在中国境内的人士来说,他们的赌注就大得多。
许多人也发明了其他方式来绕过审查。例如,作家慕容雪村用“拖拉机”来代替“坦克”。“六四”被墙,有人用“五三五”来形容这个日子(5月31日加4天)。
这是一场猫鼠游戏。猫是绝对的胜者,但老鼠们并不轻易投降。
本文英文原版载于Index On Censorship,中文版经授权由泡泡网编译发表
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