全球新闻业都在倒退,民主正面临危机——怎么办?

(泡泡特约)日前,经济学人发表了一篇调查报告,并就此发出警告:全球民主继续其令人不安的倒退——最近更新的民主健康指数显示,有一半以上的国家分数下降。

自从斯坦福大学政治学家Larry Diamond提出全球“民主衰退”的概念以来,十年已经过去了。经济学人信息部民主指数第十版表明,这种不受欢迎的趋势仍然明显。该指数包括选举进程和多元化、政府运作、公民政治参与、民主政治文化和公民自由等五大类60个指标,结论是:目前世界人口只有不到5%生活在“完全民主”之中。

挪威仍然是排名中“最民主的国家”,自2010年以来一直保持这一地位,而西欧在19个“完全民主国家”中占了14个,但该地区的平均得分在2017年略有下滑,为平均为10点的8.38点;西班牙政府试图在去年10月1日终止加泰罗尼亚独立公投,导致该国得分下降了0.22分,仅以0.08分高于“有缺陷的民主”门槛;在马耳他,反腐博客作者达芙妮·卡鲁阿纳·加利济亚(Daphne Caruana Galizia)被莫名其妙的谋杀,引发了大众对法治和当局调查敏感罪行意愿的疑问,导致其0.24点的下降;然而法国,已经是一个“有缺陷的民主国家”,尽管其选民去年在总统选举中坚决拒绝了一个极右候选人,但由于立法机关通过了扩大政府的紧急状态之权力的法律,法国公民自由分数下降;印度尼西亚出现了最显著的下滑,从第48位下降到第68位,委内瑞拉则直接下降到“专制政权”的类别;美国排名第21位,与意大利相当,连续第二年成为“有缺陷的民主”;韩国以 7.996 分的整体得分处于“有缺陷的民主”范畴。

为什么会这样?经济学人只列举了某些国家近期发生的侵犯人权的行为,却没有指明一个根本性的原因,那就是:新闻业的衰落—— 全球性的、整体的大滑坡。

民主意味着人民可以监督权力、有清新的判断力和公民意识,这只有在人民清楚地知道政权干了什么时,它才是可能的。人民从哪里获得政权试图隐藏起来的信息?——媒体。

媒体堕落必然导致民主的堕落,如果权力能控制媒体,再多的选票都是虚妄。

最令政权畏惧的是媒体

在发生重大社会运动的时候,政治分歧各方的精英阶层会比一般人更害怕彼此,富人阶层可能反对较为传统的贵族政治,但双方都会担心激进的出版商发表的信息会激化人民的情绪正如一位作家所说的那样:“他们把所有的国王和议会政府的秘密和隐私端了出来,摆在庸俗的人们面前(“casting pearls before swine”),因此教会了人们认清事实,大自然的第一原则,正是这些出版商使人民如此好奇和傲慢,以至于他们永远不会谦卑地屈服于精英的统治……”

虽然这些话很容易描述当今在突尼斯、埃及、中东以及其他地方发生的情况,但实际上它是1661年由一名叫克莱门特·沃克(Clement Walker)的人写的,他是十六世纪四十年代的英国内战时期颇具知名度的激进主义者。

那是出版历史上的一个关键时期,也是政府试图控制人们阅读的时代。两个世纪之前发明的印刷机变得更容易获得,加之邮政系统的创建,第一批报纸出现在了整个西欧。今天的格言"technology drives dis­tribution",其实早有先例。

在内战期间,既有的印刷商和书商并不是唯一可以发行报纸的人:那些来自底层的工匠们也出版了自己的报纸。在十六世纪四十年代的四年间,一位名叫约翰·迪林汉(John Dillingham)的裁缝出版了“中等情报报”(Moderate Intelligencer),详细报道了内战的发展。 迪林汉试图清楚地报道这场冲突,不过很快他就与新闻界的正式执照持有者马博特(Gilbert Mabbot)发生了冲突,马博特试图以更明显地支持奥利弗·克伦威尔(Oliver Cromwell)的信息取代民间公正的情报

在那时,小册子、手稿和其他较短小的通讯张贴纸就已经很常见了,这些真正独立的出版物反映了作者对时事的关切。难怪精英们如此担心,就是如上述沃克所言,正是资讯让人们变得“充满好奇心,永远不会谦卑地屈服”。

这些报纸不仅报道了许多重要的消息,而且还提供了可以让读者讨论政治、经济和文化问题的场所,读者可以在各个领域跟踪机构的活动,并且可以动员起来,推动经济和政治条件的变革。

你发现最古老的出版物与今天的最大不同了吗?没错,那就是金来源那时候的民间独立出版物没有唯广告而利润的窘境。判断一家媒体是否真正能做到独立自由,要看它的资金来源,那些背后是商业巨头或政府的媒体,他们只能是权威的代言人。

为什么衰落?

现如今,虽然博客圈被看作反映了民众关注的多样性,但真正有代表性的媒体的想法可以追溯到很多深远的历史。

美国传媒界曾经有过辉煌的时代,例如1920年,美国的一些编辑成立的联合新闻社,这是一个合作式的新闻采访服务机构,旨在对付主流媒体的偏见。该服务一直运行到20世纪40年代,提供了大约150个出版物。 劳工运动的新闻当时非常受欢迎,即使在第一次世界大战之前,它的报纸在美国的发行量也超过了200万份,最大的左翼杂志“理性诉求”每周发行量为五十万份。

但是,随着欧洲的冲突越来越近,企业开始联合起来企图将这些出版物隐藏。在美国,1917年颁布的“间谍法 Espionage Act of 1917  ”认为,和平地反对战争行为是违法的。其中最著名的早期受害者是美国社会党和劳工领导人尤金·德布斯(Eugene Debs),他因反战观点于1918年被定罪,并被判处十年徒刑。

当时的“纽约时报”曾经要求他入狱二十多年,在1894年7月9日的一篇社论中这样写道:德布斯是一个“严重的违法者,是人类的敌人”,那篇社论谈论的是对他的逮捕。报纸还说:“如果他的邻居有监狱的话,他们应该关押他,而他的恶劣言论所引起的混乱也必须被压制......不要忘了,没有朋友的美国政府永远不会被其士兵杀死 - 它只有敌人“。

从这个历史的角度来看,“纽约时报”在美国主导的伊拉克入侵之前对华盛顿力挺的表现,并不令人意外。

除了避免对所谓的“主流观点”的敌意而得以生存的意识之外,流行的基层出版商也不得不面对广告作为收入唯一来源的现实。根据分析师詹姆斯·库兰(James Curran)的说法,20世纪初英国“每日先驱报”(Daily Herald)的读者人数几乎是“泰晤士报”、“金融时报”和“卫报”的两倍。然而它在1964年被迫关闭,尽管它是世界上发行量最大的20种日报之一,因为做为大部分的工人阶级读者并不构成利润丰厚的广告市场。

“The liberal News Chronicle”是广告短缺的另一个牺牲品,在1960年被关闭,当时它被右翼的“每日邮报”吸纳,尽管它的发行量比“卫报”大六倍。

媒体应该是一个人民的情报机构,把“政府的所有秘密”摆在公众面前,让人们明白统治者究竟在对社会做什么。没有媒体就没有民主,没有知情权的公众是无法对权力有效监督的。然而,做为民主根基的传媒机构,却被利润所绑缚、被权威恫吓,民主又如何坚挺?

全球传媒业阴云笼罩

**ABC 在违背澳大利亚“国家安全”的情况下,获得了数百份绝密和高度机密的内阁文件。这样的内阁文件在法律上应该保密至少20年,换句话说就是,民众在20年内都不可能了解他们投票用户的政府究竟干了什么。

然而,对该事件的报道却强调:“此事暴露了澳大利亚最为敏感的安全漏洞,以及一些负责保管文件安全的人的漫不经心”……

次日,ABC在凌晨1点被国内情报机构ASIO突袭搜查。官方却不承认这是突袭。ABC找到的那些文件仍锁在保险柜里,事实上并没有被暴露,但那个旧货商店立刻被要求彻底调查了,总理和内阁及国库部秘书长马丁·帕金森的领导层称之为重大的安全事件”。

** 路透社两名记者在缅甸报道对罗兴亚人的种族迫害时被缅甸当局逮捕。日前在仰光被过堂。如果被定罪,他们最高可面临长达14年监禁。

31岁的瓦龙(Wa Lone)与27岁的觉梭(Kyaw Soe Oo)于2017年12月12日受邀前往仰光郊区与警官共进晚餐时被捕,当时他们被发现拥有军事报告和若开邦北部的地图,被指控非法获取重要机密文件。两人皆为缅甸公民。

2017年8月25日起,数十万罗兴亚穆斯林逃离缅甸若开邦,躲避政府安全部队的大规模暴行。估计缅甸120万罗兴亚人约有三分之二穿越边界到达孟加拉,另有数万人在缅甸境内流徙,得不到必要的人道援助。军方在遭到罗兴亚武装团体计划性攻击后,持续以杀戮、轰炸和大面积纵火进行族群清洗。

** 澳大利亚政府日前在立法方面提出一项打击颇为广泛的议案,旨在防止国外势力干涉。澳大利亚总理特恩布尔(Malcolm Turnbull)表示,相关法规意在监管间谍活动、反情报与政治捐款。这可能是数十年来规模最大的整改。

有关提案包括:针对国内政治和经济的外国间谍干预活动或盗窃商业秘密的新罪行;扩大间谍法,对象扩大到拥有或接收敏感信息的人,而不仅仅是传递信息的人……等等。

然而,这对传媒界构成了严重的威胁。澳大利亚最大的媒体组织警告说,联邦政府的外国干涉法案可能会损害新闻自由,将新闻记者送入监狱。包括美国广播公司、费尔法克斯和新闻集团在内的15家公司对澳洲政府发出抗议,除非为记者提供特殊的豁免,否则他们不能支持这一法案 … 这是个很严重的问题。

** 驻中国的外国记者抱怨越来越多地遭受中国官员虐待 —— 每12名记者中就有一人声称在2017年遭到粗鲁的对待甚至殴打,英国广播公司记者说他也被打了。周二公布的一项调查显示,去年驻中国的外国记者的工作条件恶化,记者遭到殴打拘留和骚扰。

足见中国的新闻管制已经升级了,至少在早前,当局对外国记者的态度只是驱赶。

这些还只是列举了几个最近期出现的状况。无国界记者组织(RSF)发布的2017年全球新闻自由度调查显示惊人的整体下滑许多国家的执政者都试图重新掌控国家,害怕过度开放的公开辩论。

在亚洲,日本跌到72名,媒体被指对首相安倍晋三进行自我审查;中国共产党对媒体的压制再创新高,记者连绑架、电视强迫认罪和亲人被威胁都难以幸免,国家主席习近平还说媒体要爱党、护党、为党,报告指出,习近平对媒体角色的极权观点再明白不过;台湾在180国之间名列第51名,与去年相同。

美国排名第41位,原因是实施网络监控;加拿大排名第18,比上一个排名网下降了10位,是因为加大拿上任总理哈勃任期结束时新闻自由度下降导致的结果;整体上看,南北美洲的新闻自由度首次低于非洲。

尽管记者无疆界组织认为欧洲依然是世界上新闻自由度最高的地区,但是欧洲的模式也逐渐被脆弱化;原因是反间谍斗争,反恐导致的大规模监控,利益冲突案的增加,以及政府对公共和私人媒体的原来越多的控制等。法国在这个排名榜上居于地45位,与去年相比下降了七位……

一位数字媒体工作者在twitter 讽刺传媒界拍权力的马屁:“每一个关于政治家、政治组织和几乎所有政治事件的故事都遗漏了大部分的细节。事实上每个人都是无能的 除了少数例外,但每一个故事都把他们描绘得像天才一样。他们不是。我敢保证他们不是”。

美国博主谴责美国主流媒体对肯塔基州校园枪击案的漠视—— 这类事件已经没有新闻价值了?2死17伤啊。"newsworthy"新闻价值,现在这个词变得非常讽刺,新闻价值究竟是什么?如今被理解的定义就是吸睛度、吸引流量能力,这里面可以完全不涉及做为监督政权的传媒职能,这是何等的可悲!过度追求所谓新闻价值的结果只能是假新闻盛行。

垄断,互联网商业巨头背后的权力和阴谋

控制私有化政治空间的公司实施的审查现在几乎是一种常态Facebook正在执行自己的社会行为和政治“法律”,去年Facebook 又招募了3000名审查员对网上言论进行审查,因为机器在辨别真正攻击性的帖子和嘲讽性或批评性言论的区别上不如人力。近年来,谷歌、Facebook和Twitter都在试图做这件事。

最令人担心的是,他们和权力走得太近了,这些大型科技公司的背后不是政府就是军方。

只说谷歌:就在施密特的谷歌作为过度友善的全球科技巨人形象竖立起来的同时,它正在与政府情报界建立密切的关系。

2012年,Google 被列入了华盛顿最大的采购名单,这个名单通常是由美国商会、军事承包商和石油碳排放大亨所独占的。而谷歌进入了军事航空巨头洛克希德·马丁公司(Lockheed Martin)的排名,2012年洛克希德公司总值达到了1820万美元。1997年吸收麦克唐纳•道格拉斯(McDonnell Douglas)的军事承包商波音公司也在谷歌之下,耗资1560万美元,而诺斯罗普•格鲁曼公司(Northrop Grumman)则为1750万美元。

2010年,谷歌与美国国家安全局达成了“正式的信息共享”关系。据说美国国家安全局的分析师可以“评估谷歌硬件和软件的漏洞”。

几乎在同一时间,谷歌参与了一个名为“持久安全框架”(ESF)的计划,这个计划需要“以足够的网络速度”在硅谷科技公司和五角大楼所属机构之间共享信息。在2014年根据信息自由要求获得的电子邮件显示,施密特和谢尔盖·布林与美国国家安全局首席基思·亚历山大的名字排在一起。

足见,谷歌对未被美国政府主张的言论肯定不会手软。

并且,如今又出现了更为糟糕的状况—— 谷歌有可能与中国政府有染。

这篇发表在 The Washington Times 上的题为《Chinese information warfare: ‘The Panda That Eats, Shoots, and Leaves’》文章揭示:2016年5月,美国情报机构发现了一个惊人的状况:中国的网络情报服务公司能够控制人们进行谷歌搜索的结果。文章称,北京政府现在能够控制和影响数百万中国用户在使用Google进行搜索时看到的内容。

文章还说,情报表明,中国网络战研究人员实际上已经获得了Google的商业机密和机器的访问权,并调整了算法,以确保其“根据中国信息战的目标进行搜索显示”。该文章将其将视为网络空间战,但并没有给出足够的证明。很难相信谷歌的网络防御能力如此不堪,做为全球最大的互联网科技公司之一,竟如此简单的被中国攻破?

最容易的解释就是:谷歌太急于进入中国了,是它自己在调整中文搜索结果的算法,是自我审查。

谷歌这类巨型互联网公司的商业模式是基于从以前从未受到监视的那部分人群中吸取私人数据,并将其转化为利润,因此它们不具备任何改革的可能性,如果出于言论自由和隐私的维护而要求其改革,真正能做到的方法只有杀死它。

请记住,当产品是免费的时候,你我就是产品。这就是FATBAG(Facebook Amazon Tencent Baidu Alibaba Google)的基本商业模式:创建一个诱人的服务,收集人们没有意识到的信息。或者他们意识到的只是服务的好处,而并不知道成本。这就是数字极权。

数据即权力。

每一种审查都是罪恶,当权者最喜欢用的理由是:洗钱、毒品、恐怖主义和儿童色情,被言论自由倡导者讽其为“信息末日启示录”的四骑士。而如今,它已经变成“六骑士”了:增添了假新闻和“仇恨言论”。审查正在升级。

下图这位德国推特用户说,Facebook启动了大清洗,列举出的页面全被删除了,包括AfD的账号。我本人反对极右,但也不支持这种一刀切言论审查,它严重违背信息自由的互联网基本原则。审查应该在某个人的脑子里——你不想看的东西你就不会去看,而不是被集中化的削砍。

更重要的是,如果你只针对某项事物进行审查,比如说儿童色情,你就需要从人们浏览的东西中过滤出关于儿童色情的内容,那么你就首先必须监视每个人都在做什么,你需要建立能够监控所有人的基础设施,也就是大规模监控系统。

你可以说这项工作的初衷是好的,连美剧创作都在使用这种逻辑为政府的全面监控洗白(《疑犯追踪》)。很多时候,政府制造的麻烦比他们解决的问题多得多,而你又如何确定政府就是这个星球上解决所有问题的终极答案?

政府掌握了太多权力,权力集中的领域又吸引着滥用权力和贪图权力的人。而互联网让权力再一次出现了集中化高峰,如今的网络安全沙皇和五十年前的安保部队沙皇没什么区别,人类正在建立一种同样的威权控制架构,它吸引人们去滥用它,然而很多人还在假装这事儿在民主国家会有所不同。

并且,上述这些直接的删除都是可见的审查,它只是冰山一角。本网曾经描述过一个审查金字塔,只有一个小小的塔尖露出了地面,这个塔尖就是公共诽谤诉讼、谋杀记者、新闻禁令等等这些,所有人能直接看到的东西。而这些只是很小的一部分,在塔尖的下一层是那些不愿意暴露于塔尖的人,他们通过自我审查将消息压住,以免被推向塔尖。

再下面一层是各种各样的经济诱导,或者叫它赞助诱导,把利益摆在面前,让人们积极地报道某件事,从而回避其他事。再下面一层就是原始经济——媒体人对流量的痴迷,他们只写那些划算的、有的赚的故事,甚至都不必考虑上层的经济因素。

然后再下面就是读者的偏见,这些人的受教育程度很有限,他们容易受到假新闻的操控,并且你还无法对他们解释真实的信息。

全球打击假新闻的努力看起来声嘶力竭,就算能圆满成功,也不过是皮毛之举,审查存在的地方就没有真相。而绝大多数审查是不被承认的,因为它们发生在暗处,也因此不存在对某个特定主张进行审查的指示。相反,是记者自己认识到了他们被期望如何去做,因为他们了解取悦和巴结某些人的利益所在。

误导性政治宣传进入数字时代

纽约时报日前披露了一家鲜为人知的专门提供虚假粉丝服务的公司Devumi,该公司手中至少有350万 机器人账号,向客户提供了2亿以上的僵尸粉。报道引述商业和法庭记录的数据称,Devumi有超过20万客户,一部分是自己购买,另一部分客户则是由手下的雇员或代理人或公关公司代他们购买。

购买僵尸粉的动机是宣传,激发马太效应。相比下更可怕的是另一种宣传——网络水军,它通过有目的的制造舆论、伪造民意,破坏民主制度。这里是本网在四年前观察到twitter存在的网络水军报道:《网络“水军”的布局

在过去的一年里,包括美国在内至少有18个国家的选举受到了线上操纵与散布虚假信息手段的影响。虚假的宣传造成了连续七年的网络自由度下滑。

近年来,各国政府发现用“众包”的方式开展网络信息安全工作,能获得更好的效果,且可以避免直接责任。即使是经验丰富的观察家,也难以将政府宣传与实际的民间民族主义言论区分开来。比如中国,政府长期聘用国家雇员来引导网络舆论,但现在他们只是一个庞大生态系统的一小部分。这个生态系统更多是由共青团志愿者以及被称为“自干五”的普通公民组成。在官方文件中,共青团将“网络文明志愿者”形容为用“键盘作为武器”,在一场正在进行的“网络战争”中“守护互联网领土”的战士。

而 twitter 这类平台不会对网络水军加以干涉,因为那样做将削减用户数量,利润下滑股东是不会答应的。你我是他们的产品,他们不会为你我的利益服务。

卑劣的宣传和误导正在扼杀民主,人们获取到了太多有目的伪造的舆论,而同时缺乏对政权足够的揭露,已经不可能正确有效地行使公民权利。

媒体必需真正的独立

先举个例子。至少从70年代以来,很多真正的行为主体持续受到自由市场国家主义的打击,公民社会被变成了为政治派别和公司利益服务的组织。过去四十年来,智库和 NGO 大量涌现,它们中不少被委托来执行政治议程,丧失了真正的职能。判断一个公民社会组织是否纯正要看他们的资金来源,尤其是那些被隐蔽的资金来源。

电子前线基金会 EFF 和自由软件基金会 FSF 等 这些都是纯正的公民社会组织(the genuine civil society organizations)他们的资金大部分来自于会员和捐赠,而不是政府和财团。

媒体也一样。会员制和募集筹资形式的独立媒体急需得到迅速的发育,只有经济独立才能从根本上摆脱权威的操纵。

另一个关键是:需要媒体人重拾新闻业的基本功然而这恐怕是比经济独立更难达成的目标—— 审查和自我审查持续太久了,不知道有多少人还记得“记者究竟应该是什么样的”。

上个月,我曾经与一位“专业级”记者探讨某未经发表的爆料,居然惊讶地发现,这位记者的基本功已岌岌可危,他完全不知道确认的流程,居然底气十足地拿出了许多网络舆论做为“证据”,简直大跌眼镜。

能推动媒体人重回原则性和重拾技能的最好方法是,广大信息消费者的监督,也就是说,首先消费者应该明确判断,哪些报道是错的、哪些证据不足和调查不清、哪些存在偏见、哪些片面和不充分。当媒体被指出错误时他们就会提起警惕,别忘了信息消费者是他们的衣食父母,你我的信任与否将直接左右他们的利润。

行动起来!工具—— 帮您判断假新闻:《做个聪明的信息消费者》https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/letscorp_archive/archives/94158 ;《信息筛选和垃圾识别》https://pao-pao.net/article/758 ;《新闻应该是什么样的》https://pao-pao.net/article/813

 

评论

Hi, of course this paragraph is really nice and I
have learned lot of things from it concerning blogging.
thanks.

Review my website - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Its like you learn my thoughts! You seem to know so much about this,
like you wrote the book in it or something. I feel that you can do with
a few p.c. to power the message house a little bit, but other
than that, that is wonderful blog. A great read. I'll definitely be back.

Here is my site; <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

This is very interesting, You are an overly skilled blogger.
I have joined your rss feed and look ahead to in search of extra of your fantastic post.
Also, I've shared your website in my social networks

Also visit my blog: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Hi there, i read your blog from time to time and i own a similar one and i was just curious if you get
a lot of spam comments? If so how do you protect against it, any plugin or
anything you can suggest? I get so much lately it's driving
me insane so any support is very much appreciated.

Also visit my site; şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Somebody necessarily assist to make critically
posts I'd state. This is the very first time I frequented your website page
and so far? I amazed with the analysis you made to create
this particular post incredible. Excellent activity!

Also visit my web blog; şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Hey there would you mind sharing which blog platform you're using?
I'm planning to start my own blog soon but I'm having
a tough time selecting between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and
Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design and
style seems different then most blogs and I'm looking for something
completely unique. P.S Sorry for
being off-topic but I had to ask!

Here is my site: <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I got this web page from my buddy who informed me on the topic of
this web site and now this time I am visiting this
site and reading very informative posts here.

Also visit my blog post: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Everything is very open with a clear explanation of the challenges.
It was definitely informative. Your site is very
helpful. Many thanks for sharing!

my blog; şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

I appreciate, cause I discovered exactly what I used to be looking for.
You've ended my four day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day.

Bye

Also visit my web site - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all of us you actually recognize what you are speaking approximately!
Bookmarked. Kindly additionally discuss with my website =).
We could have a hyperlink change arrangement between us

Feel free to visit my web blog <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I like what you guys are usually up too. This kind of clever work and
reporting! Keep up the awesome works guys I've added you
guys to blogroll.

Check out my homepage: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

If you are going for most excellent contents like myself, simply visit this
web page everyday since it provides quality contents, thanks

Here is my webpage - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Thanks for finally talking about > 冒个泡吧!
| 泡泡 < Liked it!

Have a look at my web-site - <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

When I initially commented I clicked the "Notify me when new comments are added" checkbox
and now each time a comment is added I get three e-mails
with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove
me from that service? Cheers!

my blog post ... şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Hey there! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you
using for this site? I'm getting tired of Wordpress because I've had issues with hackers and I'm looking at alternatives for another platform.
I would be awesome if you could point me in the direction of a
good platform.

Here is my blog post şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

I think everything posted was very reasonable. But, what about this?

suppose you were to write a killer title? I mean, I don't
want to tell you how to run your blog, however suppose you added something that
grabbed people's attention? I mean 冒个泡吧!
| 泡泡 is kinda vanilla. You might peek at Yahoo's home page and see
how they create post headlines to grab viewers to click.
You might add a related video or a picture or two to grab people interested
about everything've written. Just my opinion, it could make your posts
a little bit more interesting.

my website; <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

Can I just say what a relief to find someone that truly understands
what they're talking about on the web. You actually understand how to bring a problem to light and make it important.
More and more people must look at this and understand this side of your story.
I was surprised that you're not more popular since you definitely possess the
gift.

Visit my homepage - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Nice blog here! Also your website loads up very fast!
What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host?
I wish my web site loaded up as fast as yours lol

My blog :: <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

Good post. I learn something new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon every day.

It will always be useful to read articles from other authors
and use a little something from other websites.

Also visit my page :: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

What i do not understood is in truth how you are no longer really
much more smartly-preferred than you might be right now.
You are so intelligent. You understand therefore considerably in the case of this matter, produced me in my
opinion believe it from a lot of various angles.

Its like women and men aren't involved unless it is one thing to do with Woman gaga!
Your own stuffs nice. At all times take care of it up!

my site - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Can I simply say what a comfort to find somebody that genuinely understands what
they are discussing online. You actually know
how to bring a problem to light and make it important.
More and more people have to check this out and understand this side of the story.
I was surprised you are not more popular since you surely possess
the gift.

Review my page :: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I absolutely loved every
bit of it. I have you bookmarked to check out new things you post…

My weblog: <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I am in fact thankful to the owner of this website who has shared this wonderful
post at here.

Also visit my web-site; <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in penning this website.
I really hope to see the same high-grade content by
you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my very own website now
;)

My weblog :: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Admiring the dedication you put into your website and detailed information you offer.
It's nice to come across a blog every once in a
while that isn't the same old rehashed information. Wonderful read!
I've saved your site and I'm including your RSS feeds to my Google account.

my web-site: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

What's up friends, its enormous piece of writing concerning educationand entirely defined, keep it up all the time.

Also visit my webpage; şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

First of all I would like to say superb blog! I
had a quick question which I'd like to ask if you do not mind.
I was curious to know how you center yourself and clear your
mind prior to writing. I've had trouble clearing my mind in getting my ideas out.
I truly do take pleasure in writing but it just seems
like the first 10 to 15 minutes are generally lost
just trying to figure out how to begin. Any suggestions or hints?
Thank you!

Here is my blog post - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

When someone writes an piece of writing he/she maintains the plan of a user in his/her brain that how a user can know it.
Thus that's why this post is outstdanding. Thanks!

Also visit my homepage - <a href="https://Superexamplenoncontext.com">Top Shelf Bread</a>

Hey! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a
new project in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us valuable
information to work on. You have done a extraordinary job!

Take a look at my webpage şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Hi there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I
came to check it out. I'm definitely loving the information. I'm bookmarking
and will be tweeting this to my followers! Fantastic blog and terrific design and
style.

Feel free to surf to my blog :: <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I could not resist commenting. Well written!

My blog post şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

When someone writes an post he/she retains the plan of a user in his/her brain that how a user can know it.

So that's why this article is amazing. Thanks!

My web page; <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

This is the right webpage for anybody who wishes to find
out about this topic. You know so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that
I really will need to…HaHa). You definitely put
a new spin on a subject that has been discussed for decades.
Excellent stuff, just great!

my homepage :: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Thank you a lot for sharing this with all folks you actually know what you're speaking approximately!
Bookmarked. Kindly also consult with my web site =).
We will have a link change agreement between us

Also visit my blog :: <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

Hello, i think that i saw you visited my weblog so i came to go back the choose?.I am attempting to to find issues to enhance
my web site!I guess its ok to use a few of your ideas!!

Look at my blog; <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I do not know if it's just me or if perhaps everyone
else experiencing problems with your blog. It seems like
some of the text in your posts are running off
the screen. Can someone else please provide feedback and let me know if this is happening to them as
well? This could be a problem with my web browser because I've had this happen before.
Cheers

Also visit my weblog <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

I went over this internet site and I think you have a lot of good info, saved to fav (:.

Feel free to surf to my web page ... Top Shelf Bread - https://Superexamplenoncontext.com

Wow, this article is fastidious, my sister is analyzing such things,
thus I am going to convey her.

Also visit my blog <a href="https://Superexamplenoncontext.com">Top Shelf Bread</a>

naturally like your website however you need to take a look at the
spelling on quite a few of your posts. Many of
them are rife with spelling problems and I in finding it very bothersome to tell the truth nevertheless I will definitely come again again.

my web page :: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

What a data of un-ambiguity and preserveness of valuable familiarity regarding unexpected emotions.

Feel free to visit my blog post - şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Fine way of explaining, and pleasant article to get data concerning
my presentation subject, which i am going to present in college.

Feel free to visit my web site ... <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

Wow, this post is good, my younger sister is analyzing these kinds of things, therefore I am going to convey her.

Feel free to visit my website; şirinevler escort
- http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Hello to all, the contents existing at this web site are truly amazing for people experience, well, keep up the good work
fellows.

My site; şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Good day! Do you use Twitter? I'd like to follow you if that
would be okay. I'm absolutely enjoying your blog and look
forward to new updates.

My website ... şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

Today, I went to the beachfront with my children. I found a sea shell and gave it to my
4 year old daughter and said "You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear." She placed
the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab
inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back!
LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!

my blog post; şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

you're actually a just right webmaster. The website
loading pace is amazing. It seems that you are doing any unique trick.
Also, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a fantastic job on this matter!

Here is my site <a href="https://Superexamplenoncontext.com">Top Shelf Bread</a>

I reckon something truly interesting about your website so I
saved to bookmarks.

my website Top Shelf Bread - https://Superexamplenoncontext.com

Hey there! Ӏ just wanted to ɑsk if you ever have any issues with hackers?

My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up lօsing many months of hard work due to no Ƅackup.
Do you have any solutions to protect against hackеrs? http://fortunat.sakura.ne.jp/Fortunat_Wiki/index.php?title=Bisnis_Perusa...

I know this if off topic but I'm looking into starting my own blog and was curious what
all is required to get setup? I'm assuming having
a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I'm
not very web savvy so I'm not 100% sure. Any tips or advice would be
greatly appreciated. Thank you
<a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/">şirinevler escort</a>

my web-site <a href="http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/ad-category/maslak-escort-bayan/">b... escort</a>

Very energetic article, I liked that bit.
Will there be a part 2?

Also visit my web blog: şirinevler escort - http://www.uluslararasi-nakliyat.org/

页面

冒个泡吧!

Plain text

  • 不允许HTML标记。
  • 自动将网址与电子邮件地址转变为链接。
  • 自动断行和分段。