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今年六四格外忙

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Anonymous (未验证)


文/Francine Stone

六四事件25周年即将到来，中国对待此的态度可以贴切地形容为“在沉默中继续”。

每年临近6月4日，中国人对政府的政策都并不陌生：网络减速、关键词屏蔽、公共场合的军事人员增多、敏感人物被拘捕。但今年的控制显得格外全面，或许是因为对异见人士的反应比往常激烈，亦或是今年将是六四25周年纪念。

微信是将是监控重点
当局已拘捕了许多律师、维权人士、和知识分子，以杀鸡儆猴。其中最受到媒体关注的是维权律师浦志强的拘捕，在1989年时，他曾协助组织了示威游行。今年在参加一个有关64纪念的私人讨论会之后仅3天，他便被逮捕了。共有15人参加了那场讨论会，其中5人已被逮捕。接着，在5月，记者高瑜和公民记者向南夫被捕、并在中央电视台上“认罪”，这与当年毛泽东的宣传策略相呼应。

越近6月4日，当局将越加大对言论自由的钳制。自由之家 “中国媒体布告栏”主编Yvonne Shen说，中国政府“在64期间，加大其审查力度”。自由之家预期，在一周之内，中国网络上的“可疑活动”将飚升。中国当局尤其关注当前流行的社交平台：微信。

六四期间采用战时协调机制
“此前，北京市政府的一份日期为2011年5月31日的文件被泄露，文件表示，当局在这‘敏感时期’已启动了‘战时协调机制’，要求各单位举报可疑信息。”Shen表示这是中国当局常用的策略。

中国禁止有关六四的公开讨论。1989年6月4日，北京天安门广场上，士兵向毫无武装的民主派示威者开火，造成至少数百人死亡，甚至数千人（至今政府未公布死亡人数）。除了逮捕之外，审查人员也加班加点，确保网络上有关六四事件的讨论被迅速删除。网站遭封锁，暗指该事件的词汇也被消失。

记者受监控
私人电邮和短信也受到严密监督。记者林慕莲（Louisa Lim）在即将出版的新书《失忆的人民共和国》中描述到：“我用一台从未联网的新电脑来写这本书。每天晚上，我都把电脑锁进公寓的保险箱中。我从未在电话或电邮中提及这本书，无论是在家中还是在办公室里。这两个场所都位于北京外交公寓区内，我想这里是被监听的。”

中国记者被警告“不要碰触六四这个话题”，驻北京记者埃里克·菲什(Eric Fish)说。他也注意到了近期的变化：“自从习近平上台以来，中国记者的总体空间更加收紧了。在这个纪念日即将到来之际，他们（当局）似乎比以往的控制更加严格。”

菲什说，拘捕是钳制言论自由的一部分。习近平在2012年上台之后，大家曾希望他能放松审查。但这个希望很快破碎了。此前中国禁止了一些无伤大雅的美国电视剧，可见中国网络审查的泛滥。

拒绝签证
外国记者通常有更多的空间，但菲什表示，外媒“近两年所受到的压力也增大”。此前几名驻华记者的签证被拒绝。

退休的加拿大教授梁思文(Steven Levine)也可能必须面对这个结局。“我担心下次我申请中国签证时，将会被拒签。这是中国政府惩罚批评中国人权的外国人的一种方式。”梁思文研究中国历史和政治，个人创立了“纪念六四25周年倡议”活动，关注六四运动以及政府镇压。

梁思文的该项目已被屏蔽在中国网络之外，去年11月上线后的几天内，该网站便被屏蔽了。梁思文却继续与中国国内的读者保持交流、以及流亡的六四运动积极分子。对他来说，被拒签是他愿意付出的代价。但那些在中国境内的人士来说，他们的赌注就大得多。

许多人也发明了其他方式来绕过审查。例如，作家慕容雪村用“拖拉机”来代替“坦克”。“六四”被墙，有人用“五三五”来形容这个日子（5月31日加4天）。

这是一场猫鼠游戏。猫是绝对的胜者，但老鼠们并不轻易投降。

本文英文原版载于Index On Censorship，中文版经授权由泡泡网编译发表

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